What is the difference between ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy?
Ovariohysterectomy (OVE) removes both ovaries and uterus, while ovariectomy (OVH) removes only the ovaries; both sterilize female animals but differ in the scope of tissue extraction.
Both ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy are surgical sterilization procedures performed on female dogs and cats, but they differ in which reproductive structures the veterinarian removes. Ovariohysterectomy (often abbreviated OVE) involves removal of both the ovaries and the entire uterus. Ovariectomy (OVH) removes only the ovaries while leaving the uterus in place.
From a medical standpoint, both procedures prevent pregnancy because they eliminate the ovaries where eggs are produced. The key difference lies in uterine removal. Ovariohysterectomy eliminates the risk of uterine infections (pyometra) and eliminates any remaining uterine tissue that could theoretically develop disease. Ovariectomy is a less invasive approach with a smaller surgical footprint since the uterus remains intact, though some veterinarians argue the retained uterus carries a small disease risk over the animal's lifetime.
Veterinary practice patterns vary. Some clinics routinely perform ovariohysterectomy as standard protocol, while others have shifted toward ovariectomy based on evidence that healthy uteri left behind pose minimal clinical concern. The choice may depend on the veterinarian's training, surgical comfort level, and individual animal factors. Owners should discuss which approach their veterinarian recommends and why when scheduling spay procedures. Both procedures effectively prevent estrus cycles and heat behaviors when performed correctly.